Wat doet alcohol met je spieren?

Wat doet alcohol met je spieren?

juni 16, 2021 96

De directe gevolgen van alcoholconsumptie zijn bij de meeste mensen wel bekend. Je raakt de controle over je spieren kwijt, je ziet alles niet meer zo scherp en je hebt wat minder remmingen, waardoor je wat loslippiger wordt. Bovendien verdooft alcohol de hersenen. De mate waarin dat gebeurt is afhankelijk van de hoeveelheid alcohol die iemand inneemt. Bovendien is alcohol een bijtende stof, die zich als het ware door slijmvliezen heen vreet. Drink je alcohol, dan zullen op de eerste plaats de slijmvliezen in de mond en keel worden aangetast, vervolgens ook die van de slokdarm en maag. Dit effect is niet bij elk glas alcohol even groot, het hangt ervan af welke drank er genuttigd wordt en hoed goed de fysieke conditie van de persoon in kwestie is. Voorts heeft het gebruik van alcohol ook invloed op de spieren in ons lichaam. Hoe dat precies zit, wordt hieronder uitgelegd.

Alcohol remt de aanmaak van spierweefsel

Bij alcoholverslaafden is vaak een forse afname van de totale spiermassa zichtbaar, soms wel tot zestig procent! Dat wil overigens niet direct zeggen dat dit uitsluitend aan de alcoholconsumptie te wijten is. Je moet dit soort dingen altijd in een breder perspectief zien. Een alcoholist heeft vaak, mede door toedoen van die verslaving, een slecht(er) eetpatroon. Ze nemen vaak niet voldoende eiwitrijk voedsel tot zich en daardoor bouwen ze niet veel spiermassa op. Ook zijn de meeste alcoholisten geen fanatieke bewegers, ook dat leidt tot minder spiermassa. Maar de stelling dat alcohol de aanmaak van spierweefsel remt, is in principe correct. De stof bevat twee zogenoemde metabolieten die dat remmende effect veroorzaken. Bovendien zorgt de hechting van testosteron in ons lichaam voor de synthese van het eiwit dat gebruikt wordt voor de opbouw van spieren. En laat nu juist die hechting van testosteron aan het eiwit door alcohol geremd worden. Dat komt omdat alcohol de aanmaak van testosteronreceptoren afremt. Zo wordt dus ook indirect de opbouw van spierweefsel belemmerd.

Herstel is mogelijk

Wanneer je incidenteel een glas alcohol drinkt, zal de spieropbouw dus ook slechts incidenteel afgeremd worden. Stel dat iemand bijvoorbeeld één glas bier consumeert, dan zal de spieropbouw binnen een etmaal weer worden hervat. Hoe lang het exact duurt, hangt van vele factoren af. Wanneer iemand van nature al een trage stofwisseling heeft, zal het langer duren voordat het effect van alcohol weer uit het lichaam verdwijnt.

Onderzoek

In een universiteit in Nieuw-Zeeland heeft men onderzocht wat het effect van alcohol op spiergroei precies is. Hiervoor heeft men een groep van honderd frequente sportschoolbezoekers gevraagd om allen dezelfde inspanning te verrichten. Daarna werd de groep in tweeën gesplitst, de ene helft kreeg sinaasappelsap te drinken en de andere helft een mengsel van sinaasappelsap en wodka. De hoeveelheid wodka bevatte evenveel alcohol als in acht glazen bier zit. Na verloop van tijd werd vervolgens nog drie keer de maximale kracht van de deelnemers gemeten. De conclusie luidde dat die bij de alcoholgebruikers met een derde was afgenomen.

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